In this lesson, we look at the structure of the genome and the chromosomes of organisms and we also take a look at the different laws of Mendel and how these laws explain how characteristics are inherited from the parents to and offspring.

We discuss the structure of genetic diagrams and use the diagrams to show inheritance in monohybrid crosses to determine the percentage chance of an offspring inheriting a specific characteristic from their parents.

We investigate crosses between individuals when there is incomplete dominance between the different characteristics and what the phenotypes will look like in such cases. We do the same with co-dominant traits.

We take a look at how the sex of an individual is determined and we also investigate genetic crosses where multiple alleles exist for example blood types in humans

We discuss dihybrid crosses where two independent alleles are investigated to determine the chances of two different characteristics occurring in the same individual. We also look at pedigree diagrams and how inheritance can be determined by using these diagrams.

We discuss the significance of genetic mutations and the ways in which mutations can take place. We also discuss the use of biotechnology to the benefit of humans.

We discuss the central nervous system in humans and the different parts that make up the central nervous system as well as the function of the different parts.

We take a closer look at the peripheral nervous system and the functions thereof and we discuss reflex reactions with specific reference to the reflex arc.

We take a look at the different structures that occur in the eye and we take a closer look at the function of the eye and how the amount of light that enters the eye is controlled as well as the control of the lens in the eye to ensure that clearly focussed images are formed.

We take a look at the structure of the Ear. We also take a look at the functions of hearing and balance that is played by the ear.